Application of dandelion-like Sm2O3/Co3O4/rGO in high performance supercapacitors.

Novel 2D material-based supercapacitors are promising candidates for energy applications due to their distinctive physical, chemical, and electrochemical properties. In this study, a dandelion-like structure material comprised of Sm2O3, Co3O4, and 2D reduced graphene oxide (rGO) on nickel foam (NF) was synthesised using a hydrothermal method followed by subsequent annealing treatment. This dandelion composite grows further through the tremella-like structure of Sm2O3 and Co3O4, which facilitates the diffusion of ions and prevents structural collapse during charging and discharging. A substantial number of active sites are generated during redox reactions by the unique surface morphology of the Sm2O3/Co3O4/rGO/NF composite (SCGN). The maximum specific capacity the SCGN material achieves is 3448 F g-1 for 1 A g-1 in a 6 mol L-1 KOH solution. Benefiting from its morphological structure, the prepared composite (SCGN) exhibits a high cyclability of 93.2% over 3000 charge-discharge cycles at 10 A g-1 and a coulombic efficiency of 97.4%. Additionally, the assembled SCGN//SCGN symmetric supercapacitors deliver a high energy density of 64 W h kg-1 with a power density of 300 W kg-1, which increases to an outstanding power density of 12 000 W kg-1 at 28.7 W h kg-1 and long cycle stability (80.9% capacitance retention after 30 000 cycles). These results suggest that the manufactured SCGN electrodes could be viable active electrode materials for electrochemical supercapacitors.

Immunogenicity persistence of hepatitis A vaccines Healive® and Havrix® among children:15 years follow-up and long-term prediction.

Healive® was the only Chinese WHO-prequalified inactivated vaccine for the hepatitis A virus, which has been widely used in national immunization programs in China. Long-term follow-up studies are needed to estimate the persistence of vaccine-induced antibody levels and the necessity for booster vaccines. During the trial, geometric mean concentrations (GMCs) and seroconversion rates (SRs) of anti-HAV antibodies were compared based on two different inactivated hepatitis A vaccines, Healive® and Havrix®. Four hundred children were randomly assigned to receive two doses of Healive® or Havrix® at 0 and 6 months. The current study assessed antibody persistence for both vaccines 15 years post-immunization. A mixed linear model was used to predict long-term antibody persistence. The GMCs were significantly higher for Healive® compared to Havrix® at 1, 6, 7, 66, 138 months (P < .001) and 186 months (P = .004 < .05) post-vaccination. Healive® and Havrix® reached a GMC of 164.8 mIU/ml and 105.7 mIU/ml post-15 years of vaccination, respectively. The seroconversion rates of both vaccines showed no statistically significant differences (97.9% for Healive® and 94.7% for Havrix®, P = .20). The prediction showed that Healive® would provide protection for a minimum of 30 years following immunization, with a lower limit of the 95% confidence intervals for GMCs greater than 20mIU/mL. Compared to Havrix®, the vaccine Healive® showed a stronger protective effect and better persistence among children at 15 years post-full immunization. Prediction indicated at least 30 years of antibody persistence for Healive® and at least 25 years for Havrix®.

Fabrication of 3D HierarchicalSphericalHoneycomb-Like Nd2O3/Co3O4/Graphene/Nickel Foam Composite Electrode Material for High-Performance Supercapacitors.

A 3D hierarchical spherical honeycomb-like composite electrode materialof neodymium oxide (Nd2O3), cobalt tetraoxide (Co3O4), and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) on nickel foam (named as Nd2O3/Co3O4/rGO/NF) were successfully fabricated by combining the hydrothermal synthesis method and the annealing process. Nickel foam with a three-dimensional spatial structure was used as the growth substrate without the use of any adhesives. The Nd2O3/Co3O4/rGO/NF composite has outstanding electrochemical performance and can be used directly as an electrode material for supercapacitors (SCs). By taking advantage of the large specific surface area of the electrode material, it effectively slows down the volume expansion of the active material caused by repeated charging and discharging processes, improves the electrode performance in terms of electrical conductivity, and significantly shortens the electron and ion transport paths. At a 1 A/g current density, the specific capacitance reaches a maximum value of 3359.6 F/g. A specific capacitance of 440.4 F/g with a current density of 0.5A/g is still possible from the built symmetric SCs. The capacitance retention rate is still 95.7% after 30,000 cycles of testing at a high current density of 10 A/g, and the energy density is 88.1 Wh/kg at a power density of 300 W/kg. The outcomes of the experiment demonstrate the significant potential and opportunity for this composite material to be used as an electrode material for SCs.

Major and Rare Earth Element Characteristics of Late Paleozoic Coal in the Southeastern Qinshui Basin: Implications for Depositional Environments and Provenance.

To understand the geochemical characteristics of late Paleozoic coal in the Changzhi and Jincheng mining areas in the southeastern Qinshui Basin, major and rare earth element analyses were conducted through inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF), and proximate analysis. The results show that the study coals are bituminous A rank and anthracite C rank (R o,ran: 1.6-3.24%) with low-ash, low-moisture, low-volatile, and low- to medium-sulfur characteristics. The main forms of sulfur in the study coals are organic sulfur, followed by pyritic sulfur, only some coals with high sulfur contents in the Taiyuan Formation (SGJ, WTP, FHS) are mainly pyritic sulfur, and the contents of sulfate sulfur are extremely low. The major elements of the late Paleozoic coal in the southeastern Qinshui Basin are mainly SiO2 (4.77%) and Al2O3 (3.64%), followed by Fe2O3 (1.22%), CaO (1.53%), FeO (0.48%), MgO (0.25%), Na2O (0.21%), P2O5 (0.18%), TiO2 (0.15%), and minor K2O (0.04%) (on a whole-coal basis). Through correlation analysis and cluster analysis, the occurrence states of major elements in the Shanxi and Taiyuan Formations are different. The average rare earth elements and yttrium (REY) value in the study area is 88.68 µg/g (on a whole-coal basis). The mean light REY (LREY)-to-heavy REY (HREY) ratio is 26.33. The mean values of δEu, δCe, Y, and Gd are 0.60, 0.99, 1.07, and 1.02, respectively. The Shanxi Formation is dominated by the L-type REY enrichment, while the Taiyuan Formation is dominated by the M-H-type REY enrichment. The fractionation degree of REY in the Taiyuan Formation is lower than that in the Shanxi Formation. Rare earth elements in Shanxi coal mainly occur in clay minerals, and some rare earth elements are adsorbed and enriched by vitrinite. Rare earth elements in Taiyuan coal mainly occur in clay minerals and pyrite, and some rare earth elements occur in inertinite. A warm, humid, low-salinity, oxidizing, and acidic environment was favorable for REY enrichment. The coal-forming environment was weakly oxidizing and reducing, and the paleosalinity of the water was relatively high during late Paleozoic coal deposition in the southeastern Qinshui Basin. The paleotemperature of the Shanxi Formation is higher than that of the Taiyuan Formation. The provenance is mainly from an upper crustal felsic source region, the source rocks are mainly post-Archean sedimentary and calcareous mudstones mixed with some granite and alkaline basalt from the Yinshan Upland, and the tectonic setting of the source area mainly includes island arcs and active continental margins.

Fabrication of composite material of RuCo2O4 and graphene on nickel foam for supercapacitor electrodes.

Supercapacitors are energy storage devices with the advantage of rapid charging and discharging, which need a higher specific capacitance and superior cycling stability. Hence, a composite material consisting of RuCo2O4 and reduced graphene oxide with a nanowire network structure was synthesized on nickel foam using a one-step hydrothermal method and annealing process. The nanowire network structure consists of nanowires with gaps that provide more active sites for electrochemical reactions and shorten the diffusion path of electrolyte ions. The prepared electrodes exhibit outstanding electrochemical performance with 2283 F g-1 at 1 A g-1. When the current density is 10 A g-1, the specific capacitance of the electrodes is 1850 F g-1, which maintains 81% of the initial specific capacitance. In addition, the prepared electrodes have a long-term cycling life with capacitance retention of 92.60% after 3000 cycles under the current density of 10 A g-1. The composite material is a promising electrode material for high-performance supercapacitors.

Gas-phase catalytic hydration of I2O5 in the polluted coastal regions: Reaction mechanisms and atmospheric implications.

Marine aerosols play an important role in the global aerosol system. In polluted coastal regions, ultra-fine particles have been recognized to be related to iodine-containing species and is more serious due to the impact of atmospheric pollutants. Many previous studies have identified iodine pentoxide (I2O5, IP) to be the key species in new particles formation (NPF) in marine regions, but the role of IP in the polluted coastal atmosphere is far to be fully understood. Considering the high humidity and concentrations of pollutants in the polluted coastal regions, the gas-phase hydration of IP catalyzed by sulfuric acid (SA), nitric acid (NA), dimethylamine (DMA), and ammonia (A) have been investigated at DLPNO-CCSD(T)//ωB97X-D/aug-cc-pVTZ + aug-cc-pVTZ-PP with ECP28MDF (for iodine) level of theory. The results show that the hydration of IP involves a significant energy barrier of 22.33 kcal/mol, while the pollutants SA, NA, DMA, and A all could catalyze the hydration of IP. Especially, with SA and DMA as catalysts, the hydration reactions of IP present extremely low barriers and high rate constants. It is suggested that IP is unstable under the catalysis of SA and DMA to generate iodic acid, which is the key component in NPF in marine regions. Thus, the catalytic hydration of IP is very likely to trigger the formation of iodine-containing particles. Our research provides a clear picture of the catalytic hydration of IP as well as theoretical guidance for NPF in the polluted coastal atmosphere.

Fabrication and Simulation of a Layered Ultrahigh Thermally Conductive Material of Lamellar Stacking Graphene and Polydopamine on an Aluminum Substrate.

As technology continues to develop, electronic devices are becoming ever more integrated. The high level of integration results in a higher volume of calculations and higher heat generation. Metal materials have always been good conductors of heat and are commonly used in thermally conductive devices. However, the thermal conductivity of metallic materials decreases at elevated temperatures. Therefore, it is reasonable to develop new composite materials as thermal conductivity materials. In the experiments, a novel composite material with a sandwich structure has been designed. The material uses metallic aluminum (Al) as a substrate. Then, the metallic aluminum was soaked in a polydopamine (PDA) solution. Graphene (G) on the surface of the material was then enriched using an electrophoretic method. The material was removed and annealed to form the G-PDA-Al composite. According to the measurement, the thermal conductivity of the material is 492 W·m-1·K-1, which means ultrahigh thermal conductivity. Elongation experiments were carried out, and they increased the strength of the material by 12.4%. The formation of the material was then analyzed. The construction of the material was then carefully examined. The surface morphology, elemental composition, and structures were investigated by using scanning electron microscopy equipped by a scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Differences from ordinary thermal materials were obtained based on calculations. A flexible thermal conductor was fabricated by using this material. The device can reduce the spontaneous combustion of ternary lithium batteries.

Barbituric and thiobarbituric acid-based UiO-66-NH2 adsorbents for iodine gas capture: Characterization, efficiency and mechanisms.

Efficient iodine gas capture is necessitated in many industries like spent nuclear fuel off-gas treatment in view of environmental protection and resource recycling. However, the adsorption efficiency and stability of the current adsorbents are limited. In the present work, efficient and stable barbituric and thiobarbituric acid-based UiO-66-NH2 adsorbents (i.e., UiO-66-NH-B.D and UiO-66-NH-T.D, respectively) have been synthesized by post-synthetic covalent modification. Characterization approaches, including SEM-EDS, TEM, XRD, FTIR, XPS, 1H NMR, TGA and BET, are used to obtain information on the properties and adsorption mechanisms of these metal-organic framework (MOF) adsorbents. The kinetics and mechanisms involved are studied in detail. The treatment efficiency and recyclability of the adsorbents are checked and compared with the adsorbents reported in previous works. The results show that the current adsorbents are potentially suitable for efficient iodine gas capture. High maximum iodine adsorption amount by UiO-66-NH-B.D and UiO-66-NH-T.D (1.17 and 1.33 g/g) was achieved under 75 °C. These new adsorbents are thermally stable for iodine adsorption and regenerated and reused with good performance. The adsorption mechanisms were revealed based on experimental results, indicating that iodine is adsorbed by both physisorption and chemisorption.

Fabrication and simulation of a layered ultrahigh thermal conductive material made of self-assembled graphene and polydopamine on a copper substrate.

A composite material of graphene (G) and polydopamine (PDA) on a copper (Cu) substrate (G/PDA@Cu) was fabricated successfully by sequential immersion deposition in a dopamine solution and an aqueous graphene oxide suspension before annealing. Optimum preparation conditions were explored by the orthogonal experimental method. The morphology and chemical composition of G/PDA@Cu were studied systematically by a series of characterization techniques. The thermal-conductive performance was evaluated by a laser flash thermal analyser. The thermal conductivity of G/PDA@Cu was 519.43 W m-1 K-1, which is ultrahigh and 30.50% higher than that of the Cu substrate. The adhesion force between G/PDA and the Cu substrate was 4.18 mN, which means that G bonds to the Cu substrate tightly. The model simulation also showed that G/PDA@Cu exhibits excellent thermal conductivity, allowing it to play a significant role in the thermal management of advanced electronic chips. The thermal-conductive devices using this material were prepared for practical applications.

Immunogenicity persistence in children of hepatitis A vaccines Healive® and Havrix®: 11 years follow-up and long-term prediction.

Background: Hepatitis A vaccine has been used in mass and routine public vaccination programs in China. Long-term follow-up studies are required to determine the duration of protection and the need for booster vaccinations. Methods: A prospective, randomized, open-label clinical trial was performed to compare the geometric mean concentration (GMC) and seroprotection rates of anti-Hepatitis A virus (HAV) antibodies elicited by the inactivated vaccines Healive and Havrix. 400 healthy children were randomly assigned 3:1 ratio to receive two doses of Healive or Havrix at 0 and 6 months. Persistence of anti-HAV antibodies for 5 years post immunization has been reported The current study reports new data at 11 years post immunization for the purpose of showing antibody persistence. Sensitivity analyzes were performed to assess the results. In addition, predictions for long-term antibody persistence were performed using a statistical model. Two different serological assays were used that were shown to be 98.3% concordant for detecting anit-HAV antibody. Results: GMCs were significantly higher following Healive compared to Havrix at 1, 6, 7, 66, 112 and 138 months post-vaccination. In addition, the GMCs obtained using sensitivity analysis were very similar to those obtained using the original models. Prediction analysis indicated that the duration of protection for both vaccines was at least 30 years after immunization, with a lower limit of the 95% confidence interval for GMC of greater than 20mIU/mL. Conclusions: Healive is more immunogenic than Havrix in children at 11 years post full immunization. Prediction analysis indicated at least 30 years of antibody persistence for both vaccines.

Enhanced Activation of Persulfate by Meso-CoFe2O4/SiO2 with Ultrasonic Treatment for Degradation of Chlorpyrifos.

Magnetic mesoporous CoFe2O4/SiO2 (Meso-CoFe2O4/SiO2) composites were simply synthesized. On the basis of previous studies, optimum preparation conditions of their structure and physical properties can be readily determined. CoFe2O4 nanocrystals and their mesoporous structure were authenticated by low-angle and wide-angle X-ray diffraction, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, element mapping, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, nitrogen adsorption isotherms, and so on. They were applied to degrade chlorpyrifos where Meso-CoFe2O4/SiO2 composites provide a mesoporous microenvironment and combined with ultrasonic treatment can enhance heterogeneous activation of persulfate. Research findings showed that the system can be conducive to remove quickly chlorpyrifos and the removal ratios reached 99.99%. The results provided a strategy for the chlorpyrifos degradation and, similarly, pollution control of pesticide wastewater.

In situ construction of dual-morphology ZnCo2O4 for high-performance asymmetric supercapacitors.

In this study, the controllable preparation of ZnCo2O4 with different morphologies in a reaction system and the orderly weaving of these morphologies into special structures was demonstrated, which might be impossible to achieve using other methods; herein, we successfully prepared a dual-morphology ZnCo2O4/N-doped reduced graphene oxide/Ni foam substrate (ZNGN) electrode by ultrasonic processing, a one-step hydrothermal method and a subsequent annealing process for high-performance supercapacitors. At first, ZnCo2O4 nanosheet orderly formed a honeycomb structure on the surface of Ni foam (NF); this improved the redox surface area of the electrode; then, feather-like ZnCo2O4 was evenly distributed over the honeycomb structure, playing the role of containment and fixation to provide space for material volume expansion during charging and discharging. The electrochemical test showed that the maximum capacitance of the ZNGN electrode was 1600 F g-1 (960C g-1) at the current density of 1 A g-1 in a 6 M KOH solution. Moreover, the asymmetric supercapacitor ZNGN//activated carbon (ZNGN//AC) displayed the excellent energy density of 66.1 W h kg-1 at the power density of 701 W kg-1. Compared with the capacitance (233.3 F g-1 and 326.6C g-1) when ZNGN//AC was fully activated at 4 A g-1, there was almost no loss in capacitance after 2000 charge-discharge cycles, and a 94% capacitance retention was achieved after 5000 cycles. Thus, this excellent electrochemical property highlights the potential application of the dual-morphology ZnCo2O4 electrode in supercapacitors.

Facile preparation of high density polyethylene superhydrophobic/superoleophilic coatings on glass, copper and polyurethane sponge for self-cleaning, corrosion resistance and efficient oil/water separation.

Inspired by the lotus effect and water-repellent properties of water striders' legs, superhydrophobic surfaces have been intensively investigated from both fundamental and applied perspectives for daily and industrial applications. Various techniques are available for the fabrication of artificial superoleophilic/superhydrophobic (SS). However, most of these techniques are tedious and often require hazardous or expensive equipment, which hampers their implementation for practical applications. In the present work, we used a versatile and straightforward technique based on polymer drop-casting for the preparation SS materials that can be implemented on any substrate. High density polyethylene (HDPE) SS coatings were prepared on different substrates (glass, copper mesh and polyurethane (PU) sponge) by drop casting the parent polymer xylene-ethanol solution at room temperature. All the substrates exhibited a superhydrophobic behavior with a water contact angle (WCA) greater than 150°. Furthermore, the corrosion resistance, stability, self-cleaning property, and water/oil separation of the developed materials were also assessed. While copper mesh and PU sponge exhibited good ability for oil and organic solvents separation from water, the HDPE-functionalized PU sponge displayed good adsorption capacity, 32-90 times the weight of adsorbed substance vs. the weight of adsorbent.

Controllable growth of durable superhydrophobic coatings on a copper substrate via electrodeposition.

Superhydrophobic coatings on a copper substrate are grown via electrodeposition followed by thermal annealing. The influence of the deposition potential, zinc ion concentration, deposition time, annealing temperature and annealing time on the wetting properties was systematically investigated. The coating electrodeposited at -1.35 V for 25 min and annealed at 190 °C for 60 min exhibited excellent superhydrophobicity with a contact angle as high as 170 ± 2° and a sliding angle of almost 0°. The water drop can fully bounce as a balloon when impinging such a solid surface, exhibiting excellent non-sticking properties. By adopting various characterization methods, it was demonstrated that the as-prepared superhydrophobic surfaces also exhibited properties of anticorrosion, antiabrasion, long-term stability and durability and large buoyancy force, which offer an effective strategy and promising industrial applications for fabricating superhydrophobic surfaces on various metallic materials.

Facile fabrication of heterostructured g-C3N4/Bi2MoO6 microspheres with highly efficient activity under visible light irradiation.

A facile and template-free solvothermal method was developed for the synthesis of microspheric g-C3N4/Bi2MoO6 photocatalysts. The obtained g-C3N4/Bi2MoO6 composites were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflection spectroscopy (DRS). The XRD, FTIR, and HRTEM characterization results confirmed the formation of heterojunction structures at the interfaces of g-C3N4 and Bi2MoO6. The DRS results showed that the absorption edges of g-C3N4/Bi2MoO6 composites were red shifted in the visible light region with the increase of g-C3N4 content. The SEM and TEM images revealed that the composites exhibited a microsphere-like morphology and were composed of smaller nanoplates. The elemental mapping images revealed that g-C3N4 and Bi2MoO6 nanoflakes uniformly assembled together to form hierarchical flowers. Compared with pure g-C3N4 and Bi2MoO6, the as-prepared samples exhibited superior photocatalytic activity towards the degradation of dyes (Rhodamine B and Methyl blue) under visible light irradiation. The enhanced photocatalytic activity of g-C3N4/Bi2MoO6 composites could be attributed to their strong visible light absorption, the high migration efficiency of photo-induced carriers, and the interfacial electronic interaction. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) confirmed that the interface charge separation efficiency was greatly improved by coupling g-C3N4 with Bi2MoO6. It was also confirmed that the photo-degradation of dye molecules is mainly attributed to the oxidizing ability of the generated holes (h(+)) and partly to the oxidizing ability of ·O2(-) and ·OH radicals.

[The relationship between FTIR spectra of PVA film and its heat preservation capability].

Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyethylene (PE) and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) film was prepared. The optic capability, infrared transmittance and heat preservation capability of the films were studied respectively. The result indicated that the haze degree of the PVA film decreased about 15% and 12% than PE film and EVA film; PVA film transmittance of IR was more or less than other films in the 7-14 microm wavelength range so that the temperature of greenhouse could be increased effectively in daylight. It was just 16.2% about 20% less than EVA film, and 50% less than PE film. The PVA film could be used as agricultural film in greenhouse to promote heat preservation performance greatly.

[Preparation of EVOH film and infrared spectroscopic study of its heat preservation property].

EVOH, PE and EVA films were prepared by extrusive blowing techniques, the optic capability, transmittance, haze, infrared anti-transmittance and heat preservation of the films were studied by IR spectroscopy and optic block. The result indicated that the haze degree of the EVOH film decreased about 10% and 5% compared to PE film and EVA film respectively, EVOH film's transmission of IR is much less than other films in the 2.5-25 microm wavelength range, it is just 9.03% in 7-14 microm wavelength range, and about 27% less than EVA film, while much less than PE film. It was found that EVOH film has much better capability of infrared anti-transmittance and point-blank light transmission than other two kinds of films. It was good for calefaction and heat preservation of greenhouse.

One-step controllable fabrication of superhydrophobic surfaces with special composite structure on zinc substrates.

Stable superhydrophobic platinum surfaces have been effectively fabricated on the zinc substrates through one-step replacement deposition process without further modification or any other post-treatment procedures. The fabrication process was controllable, which could be testified by various morphologies and hydrophobic properties of different prepared samples. By conducting SEM and water CA analysis, the effects of reaction conditions on the surface morphology and hydrophobicity of the resulting surfaces were carefully studied. The results show that the optimum condition of superhydrophobic surface fabrication depends largely on the positioning of zinc plate and the concentrations of reactants. When the zinc plate was placed vertically and the concentration of PtCl(4) solution was 5 mmol/L, the zinc substrate would be covered by a novel and interesting composite structure. The structure was composed by microscale hexagonal cavities, densely packed nanoparticles layer and top micro- and nanoscale flower-like structures, which exhibit great surface roughness and porosity contributing to the superhydrophobicity. The maximal CA value of about 171° was obtained under the same reaction condition. The XRD, XPS and EDX results indicate that crystallite pure platinum nanoparticles were aggregated on the zinc substrates in accordance with a free deposition way.

Synthesis, structures, and magnetism of three 1D Mn(III) chains with oxazoline-based ligands.

Three novel Mn(III) polymers, [Mn(phox)(2)(N(3))](n) (1), [Mn(Etphox)(2)(N(3))](n) (2), and [Mn(Etphox)(2)(C(2)N(3))](n) (3), using achiral ligand Hphox (Hphox = 2-(4,5-dihydrooxazol-2-yl)phenol) and chiral ligand HEtphox (HEtphox = 2-(4-ethyl-4,5-dihydrooxazol-2-yl)phenol) were synthesized and structurally and magnetically characterized. All complexes are of 1D chain structures and form 2D frameworks by weak interactions. The adjacent 1D chains of complex 1 are connected by face-to-face pi-pi interactions, C-H...pi interactions, and hydrogen bonding, which leads to the formation of a supramolecular 2D sheet structure. The three compounds show antiferromagnetic coupling between Mn(III) ions. And compound 2 is a spin-canted weak ferromagnet with T(N) = 5.6 K, showing metamagnetic behavior with a two-step magnetic phase transition.

[Safety and immunogenicity of combined hepatitis A and hepatitis B vaccine according to 0 and 6 months schedule in healthy children].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of the Bilive(TM) combined hepatitis A and hepatitis B vaccine in healthy children. METHODS: A total of 116 healthy children aged 1 - 10 years, who, without history of hepatitis A vaccine vaccination and anti-HAV negative, had completed the full immunization of hepatitis B vaccine were recruited in city of Changzhou in Jiangsu province. The Bilive(TM) combined hepatitis A and hepatitis B vaccine was administered according to a two-dose schedule (0, 6 months). The dosage was 250 U for hepatitis A antigen and 5 microg for hepatitis B surface antigen. The potential adverse effects were observed within 72 hours after vaccination. The serum samples were collected for the testing of anti-HAV and anti-HBs at month 1, 6 and 7 after initial dose. RESULTS: The local and systemic adverse reactions after immunization were slight and temporary. The rates of local and systemic adverse reactions were 12.1% (14/116) and 6.0% (7/116). The sero-conversion rates of HAV were from 92.9% (92/99) to 100.0% (101/101) and the geometric mean titers (GMT) ranged from 47.0 mIU/ml to 2762.3 mIU/ml 1, 6, 7 months after initial dose. The sero-protection rate of HBV was 86.1% (87/101) before vaccination and came up to 100.0% (101/101) one month after initial dose, and the GMTs of HBV were from 894.3 mIU/ml to 3314.3 mIU/ml 1, 6, 7 months after initial dose. CONCLUSION: The Bilive(TM) combined hepatitis A and hepatitis B vaccine has good safety and immunogenicity in healthy children who had preexisting immunity to hepatitis B virus.